THE RISE OF SINGLE MOTHERHOOD IN URBAN NIGERIA: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF SURULERE, LAGOS STATE

THE RISE OF SINGLE MOTHERHOOD IN URBAN NIGERIA: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF SURULERE, LAGOS STATE

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Family is a foundational institution in every society, playing a critical role in socialization, emotional support, and economic sustenance. Traditionally, the Nigerian family structure has been predominantly patriarchal and extended, with clearly defined gender roles. However, contemporary Nigerian society, especially in urban centers, is witnessing a significant shift in family dynamics, including the increasing prevalence of single motherhood (Isiugo-Abanihe, 1994). This phenomenon has attracted the attention of scholars, policymakers, and religious leaders due to its implications on child development, gender relations, and urban social structures.

Single motherhood, defined as the state of a woman raising one or more children without the presence or support of a male partner, is becoming increasingly visible in urban centers such as Lagos. In Surulere, a cosmopolitan hub within Lagos State, single mothers come from diverse socio-economic backgrounds, with varied reasons for their status. These include divorce, separation, widowhood, unplanned pregnancies, and deliberate choices to parent alone (Ezeh et al., 2010). While some single mothers are empowered and independent, others struggle with the economic, social, and psychological challenges that come with solo parenting.

Several factors contribute to the rise of single motherhood in urban Nigeria. Urbanization and modernization have altered traditional gender roles and weakened the influence of extended family systems. Increased female participation in the workforce and higher educational attainment have also made it more feasible for women to raise children independently (Adebowale, 2018). Moreover, changing social attitudes, media portrayals, and the rise of women’s rights movements have somewhat reduced the stigma once associated with single motherhood, particularly among the younger urban population.

Despite these developments, single mothers in Nigeria still face significant challenges. Economic hardship is common, especially for those without stable employment or access to social support networks. Additionally, societal judgment and cultural expectations continue to burden single mothers with emotional stress and reduced social mobility. Children of single-parent households may also face developmental issues linked to economic instability and limited parental supervision.

Sociologically, the rise of single motherhood raises critical questions about changing family patterns, gender expectations, and social inequality. It also calls for an examination of state policies, religious discourses, and community attitudes that either support or hinder the well-being of single mothers and their children. This study seeks to investigate the causes, experiences, and societal responses to the increasing rate of single motherhood in Surulere, Lagos State.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The phenomenon of single motherhood in Nigeria, particularly in urban centers like Surulere, has become increasingly prominent and complex. While single-parent families are no longer uncommon, the social systems and institutions in Nigeria are still largely structured around traditional family norms. This incongruence has led to the marginalization of single mothers in areas such as employment, housing, healthcare access, and social inclusion.

Despite the growing number of single mothers, there is limited empirical research focusing on their lived experiences, coping mechanisms, and the societal attitudes they encounter. Many existing policies on family welfare assume a two-parent model, thereby excluding the realities of single-parent households. Additionally, popular discourse often attributes single motherhood to moral failure, irresponsibility, or poor life choices, especially when it involves young or unmarried women. These stereotypes ignore the broader structural and socio-economic factors that contribute to single motherhood, such as gender-based violence, poverty, lack of education, and patriarchal legal frameworks (Nzewi, 2021).

The absence of targeted state intervention, community-based support systems, and inclusive policies exacerbates the struggles of single mothers. This is especially true in urban areas like Surulere, where the cost of living is high and family networks may be fragmented. Consequently, there is a need to examine the factors driving the rise in single motherhood, the lived realities of single mothers, and the effectiveness of existing social support mechanisms. Understanding these dynamics will not only fill a critical gap in the literature but also inform policies and interventions aimed at promoting inclusive urban development and gender equity.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

To identify the socio-economic and cultural factors contributing to the rise of single motherhood in Surulere, Lagos State.

To examine the challenges faced by single mothers in urban Nigeria, especially within Surulere.

To assess societal attitudes and institutional responses toward single motherhood in the study area.

1.4 Research Questions

What are the main causes of single motherhood in Surulere, Lagos State?

What challenges do single mothers in Surulere face in their daily lives?

How does society perceive and respond to single motherhood in urban Nigerian settings?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

H₀₁: There is no significant relationship between socio-economic factors and the increase in single motherhood in Surulere, Lagos State.

H₀₂: Societal attitudes have no significant impact on the well-being of single mothers in Surulere.

1.6 Significance of the Study

This study is significant to various stakeholders. For policymakers, it provides empirical data to design inclusive social welfare programs that consider the realities of single-parent families. For sociologists and gender studies scholars, the research offers insights into evolving family structures and gender roles in urban Nigeria. Religious and community leaders can also benefit by understanding the need to shift from judgmental narratives to supportive engagements. Moreover, the study seeks to empower single mothers by amplifying their voices and highlighting their resilience and agency in the face of societal and economic challenges.

1.7 Scope and Limitation of the Study

This research is focused on Surulere Local Government Area of Lagos State, an urban environment characterized by socio-economic diversity. The study examines single mothers from different backgrounds, including age, education level, marital status, and occupation. Limitations may include respondents’ unwillingness to disclose personal experiences due to stigma, as well as the difficulty in accessing undocumented single mothers. Despite these constraints, a mixed-method approach involving interviews, surveys, and observation will be employed to ensure credible and comprehensive data.

1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

Single Motherhood: A condition in which a woman is solely responsible for raising her child(ren) without the presence or support of a male partner.

Urban Nigeria: A term referring to highly populated areas in Nigeria with developed infrastructure and social amenities.

Surulere: A local government area in Lagos State known for its residential and commercial density.

Societal Attitudes: Collective beliefs and perceptions held by members of a community about a particular group or issue.

1.9 Structure of the Study

This dissertation consists of five chapters. Chapter One introduces the research problem and outlines the objectives and significance. Chapter Two reviews related literature and theoretical perspectives on single motherhood. Chapter Three describes the research methodology, including data collection and analysis techniques. Chapter Four presents the findings and analysis. Chapter Five concludes with a summary of results, policy recommendations, and suggestions for further research.

 

References

Adebowale, A. (2018). Women, Work, and Family: A Study of Single Mothers in Lagos State. Nigerian Journal of Sociology, 16(1), 41–59.

Ezeh, A. C., Kodzi, I., & Emina, J. (2010). Reaching the Urban Poor with Family Planning Services. Studies in Family Planning, 41(2), 109–116.

Isiugo-Abanihe, U. C. (1994). Parenthood in Sub-Saharan Africa: Child Fostering and Its Impact. Population and Development Review, 20(2), 353–366.

Nzewi, U. (2021). Modern Family Trends and Social Policy in Nigeria. African Social Science Review, 12(3), 20–35.